Abstract: Both fat replacement and fat infiltration can lead to fatty pancreas（FP），and in recent years，research on fatty pancreas has gradually increased，but its pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria are still unclear. Fat accumulation in the pancreas can affect metabolic function and increase the risk of diabetes，non-alcoholic fatty liver disease，coronary heart disease，pancreatitis，pancreatic cancer，and postoperative pancreatic fistula. The clinical manifestations of the fatty pancreas are not typical，so ultrasound，computed tomography （CT），magnetic resonance（MR），and other techniques are used to diagnose it in clinical practice. At present，endoscopic ultrasound（EUS）and quantitative CT（QCT）have also made new progress in the diagnosis of fatty pancreas. FP is mostly treated with weightreducing and lipid-lowering drugs，but its prognosis is unclear. This article reviewed the research progress on the epidemiology，related diseases，diagnosis，and treatment of FP at home and abroad，to provide new ideas for exploring the diagnosis，evaluation of disease severity，and intervention of the disease course of FP.

Key words: fatty pancreas, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment