The electrode with excellent electrochemical performance is one of the keys to the cycling stability of an alkaline all-iron flow battery. In this paper，the graphite felt electrode was modified with concentrated sulfuric acid oxidation. The effects of the modified electrode on the performance of an alkaline all-iron flow battery were studied by CV，EIS， and single-cell cycle tests. The physical and chemical structure of graphite felt modified with sulfuric acid oxidation was analyzed by scanning electron microscope（SEM），contact angle measuring instrument，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR），and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results showed that the content of oxygen containing functional groups，such as carboxyl groups，on the surface of the graphite felt electrode increased when the graphite felt electrode was modified with sulfuric acid oxidation，which improved the hydrophilicity of the graphite felt electrode. Meanwhile， many defective structures appeared on the surface，which increased the electrochemical reaction active site. In the charge and discharge process of single-cell tests，the DIPSO Fe2+/DIPSO-Fe3+ pair had better electrochemical activity when the modified electrode was used as the negative electrode，and the battery's capacity retention rate increased by 15 % when the current density was 120 mA/cm2.

This paper investigated whether a complete，single connected Kähler manifold M with negative bisecting curvature was a Stein manifold. By reviewing the basic properties of Stein manifolds and Kähler manifolds， we focused on the construction method of holomorphic functions，the proof of compactness，and the single connectivity of manifolds， and then proved that such Kähler manifolds satisfied the definition of Stein manifolds.

Let ɠ be a graph class，if there is a function f such that χ（G）≤ f（ω（G））for every G ∈ ɠ，then ɠ is χ-bounded，and f is said to be a χ-binding function. In recent years，many scholars have begun to study the χ-boundedness of forbidden subgraph classes，among which 2K2-free graph classes have been widely studied. As is well known， ｛P4 ∪P2 ｝-free graph classes are supergraphs of 2K2-free graph classes. In this paper，we give a result on this graph and prove a χ-binding function of｛P4 ∪ P2 ，（K1 ∪ K2 ）+ Kp ｝ free graph classes.

Hovenia is a nutritious and popular fruit，as well as a medicinal herb with various health benefits such as sobering up alcohol，protecting the liver，quenching thirst，and relieving restlessness. It is a typical representative of the edible traditional Chinese medicine. Modern pharmacological research has confirmed that its primary bioactivities include relief of alcoholism and liver damage， anti-oxidation， anti-tumor， activity mitigation of diabetes，and promotion of excretion. These effects may be related to its flavonoids， polysaccharides， triterpenoid saponins， organic acids， and other bioactive components. Based on the current research on Hovenia′s active ingredients and health benefits，quality evaluation，and germplasm identification as well as its current development status in the fields of food processing，additive agent，and medicine，this study carried out a review and discussion， which would provide theoretical basis for the related product development and further resource protection and utilization.

The germination rate-related characters of 100 inbred lines of super sweet corn were measured to explore the significant associated loci and candidate genes regulating the germination rate of super sweet corn seeds. Using the super sweet corn 56K gene chip，the MLM（Q + K）model was adopted to locate a total of 5 SNPs correlated with the germination rate of super sweet corn seeds through GWAS analysis，and 43 functionally annotated genes were found within the upper and lower 200 kb confidence interval. Based on literature comparison， 8 candidate genes （Zm00001eb057130， Zm00001eb057170， Zm00001eb057030，Zm00001eb145440，Zm00001eb145480，Zm00001eb057150，Zm0000 1eb145520， Zm00001eb057110） were found to be related to the regulation of seed germination rate of super sweet corn. Among them，5 candidate genes played a role in the embryonic development of seeds，thus directly affecting the germination rate of seeds，and 3 candidate genes indirectly affected the germination rate of seeds，mainly by participating in the root growth and development of seeds. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for breeding super sweet corn varieties with high germination rates，which provides a reference for fine mapping and cloning of genes related to germination rate.

As an important organelle，mitochondria，the site of cellular metabolic substance synthesis and energy production，are involved in many important biological processes，such as cell proliferation，differentiation，and apoptosis. Immune cells are the main components of the immune system and have an important impact on maintaining the immune homeostasis of the body. In recent years，more studies have revealed the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells，e.g. ，mitochondria can release signals such as mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to regulate immune cell activation， differentiation，and function. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism may be the underlying cause of immunocytopenia or immune cell damage. Here， we reviewed the role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells and provided an overview of current research progress on the effects of mitochondrial metabolism on immune cells.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum cytokine levels and clinical practice in patients with Mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of 40 patients with Mycoplasma pneumonia who were hospitalized at the Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy from January 2023 to December 2023 were analyzed. The subjects were divided into a positive and a negative group based on the results of Mycoplasma nucleic acid detection in alveolar lavage fluid. The differences in various indicators between the two groups and the correlations between cytokine levels and those indicators were examined.ResultsThe results showed that the average level of IL-2 in the positive group was higher than that in the negative group，the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P < 0. 05），and the level of IL-2 was positively correlated with the detection results of Mycoplasma nucleic acid in alveolar lavage fluid（R > 0，P < 0. 05）. The levels of IL-2，IL-4，and INF γ were positively correlated with length of stay（R > 0，P < 0. 05）. The levels of IL-6 and INF-γ were positively correlated with the consolidation of lung inflammation（R > 0， P <0.05）.The higher the levels of IL-6 and INF-γ，the easier the consolidation of lung inflammation was，and there was a positive correlation between INF- γ level and whether pleural effusion of patients（R > 0，P < 0. 05） ConclusionThe level of IL-2 can predict the detection of Mycoplasma nucleic acid in alveolar lavage fluid of patients with mycoplasmosis. IL-2，IL-4，IL-6，and INF-γ can be used as indicators to evaluate the severity of Mycoplasma pneumonia and provide an effective basis for clinical treatment and prognosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia.

Autism spectrum disorder （ASD） is a group of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by difficulties in social interactions as well as verbal communication，repetitive behaviors，and a narrow range of interests or activities. ASD seriously affects the growth， development，and daily life of patients. Therefore，establishing animal models of ASD induced by different factors has an important reference value for revealing its pathogenesis and developing new clinical interventions and treatment strategies. In this review，we summarized the experimental animal models of ASD and their modeling schemes to provide clues and a basis for further research on the pathogenesis of ASD.

Apple disease leaf classification and recognition are significant for disease monitoring and control improvement in apple plantations. Aiming at the problem of apple disease leaf classification and recognition，this paper proposed a ResNet model based on the SimAM attention mechanism. The model combined the SimAM attention module，Swish activation function，and entropy weight Focal Loss function through migration learning and data enhancement operations to improve the accurate recognition of apple disease leaves with uneven sample distribution. Experimental results showed that the improved SimAM ResNet18 model achieved an accuracy of 94. 68% on the test set，which was a 2.89% improvement compared to the benchmark network ResNet18. Compared to other classical convolutional classification models， AlexNet， VGG16， and GoogLeNet， the model accuracy improved by 7. 02%，5. 25%，and 4.31%. The results show that the ResNet model based on the SimAM attention mechanism has a high potential for apple disease leaf classification and recognition with uneven sample distribution.

A single-image defogging network based on curve estimation and attention feature fusion was proposed to address the problems of poor generation quality and low contrast of most single-image defogging algorithm models based on end-to-end learning. The proposed model mainly consisted of the curve feature estimation module and the defogging module. In the curve estimation module，a codec network was designed to extract the curve feature map in the foggy image，and a simple quadratic curve was designed to enhance the exposure of the foggy image. In the defogging module，we improved the model's performance and generalization ability by introducing spatial and channel attention mechanisms to adaptively adjust the importance of different spatial locations and channels， respectively，to improve the model's perception of different locations. The experimental results showed that the proposed method performed better than other defogging algorithms on both PSNR and SSIM with reference evaluation metrics and FADE and NIQE without reference evaluation metrics.