江汉大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 28-36.doi: 10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2024.01.003

• 麦类作物研究 • 上一篇    

拔节期低温对小麦结实特性的影响及追施氮肥的缓解效应

张士雅 1,谭 植 1,李浩杰 1,雍玉东 1,周文银 1,李文阳 1,刘良柏 2,刘 飞 2,闫素辉*1   

  1. 1. 安徽科技学院 农学院,安徽 凤阳 233100;2. 安徽华成种业股份有限公司,安徽 宿州 234000
  • 发布日期:2024-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 闫素辉
  • 作者简介:张士雅(1998— ),女,硕士生,研究方向:作物栽培生理。*通信作者:闫素辉(1979— ),女,教授,博士,研究方向:小麦高产优质栽培技术。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省自然科学基金资助项目(1408085MC48);安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项 目(小麦产业技术体系);安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-089)

Effects of Low-temperature on Wheat Grain Setting Characterisics and the Mitigation Effect of Top-dressing Nitrogen Fertilizer at the Jointing Stage

ZHANG Shiya1,TAN Zhi1,LI Haojie1,YONG Yudong1,ZHOU Wenyin1,LI Wenyang1,LIU Liangbai2,LIU Fei2,YAN Suhui*1   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,Anhui,China; 2. Anhui Huacheng Seed Industry Co. ,Ltd. Suzhou 234000,Anhui,China
  • Published:2024-02-28
  • Contact: YAN Suhui

摘要: 为明确氮肥对拔节期低温小麦结实粒数与粒重的影响,以小麦品种‘华成 3366’为材料进行盆栽试验,在拔节期进行持续 5 d(LT-T1)和 10 d(LT-T2)的低温胁迫处理,以自然温度为对照(CK-LT),并在低温胁迫结束当天追施氮肥(LT-N),对盆栽小麦的穗部性状、小穗发育和小花发育进行比较分析。结果表明:与 CK-LT 相比,随着低温时间的延长,LT 处理下的穗数、穗粒数、粒重、总小穗数和总小花数降幅逐渐增大,而顶部结实小花数、基部结实小花数、强势结实小花数和弱势结实小花数均明显下降,其中基部结实小花数和弱势结实小花数下降幅度最大。与 LT 相比,随着低温时间的延长,LT-N 处理下的穗粒数、穗数、粒重、总小穗数和总小花数升幅逐渐增大,不同穗位小花数之间相比发现顶部结实小花数、基部结实小花数、强势结实小花数、弱势结实小花数均有所增加,其中基部结实小花数和弱势结实小花数增加幅度最大。综上,拔节期低温主要通过减少基部结实小花数和弱势结实小花数,降低小花结实率,进而减少穗粒数和弱势粒重。低温后追施氮肥主要通过增加基部结实小花数和弱势结实小花数,提高基部小花和弱势小花结实率,增加基部小花和弱势小花对穗粒数的贡献率,进而增加穗粒数和弱势粒重,降低低温胁迫引起的产量损失。

关键词: 小麦, 低温胁迫, 氮肥, 拨节期, 结实粒数

Abstract: To clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the number of filled grains and grain weight of low- temperature wheat at the jointing stage,a pot experiment was carried out with wheat variety HC3366 as the material. Low- temperature stress treatments for 5 days(LT-T1) and 10 days (LT-T2) were carried out at the jointing stage,with natural temperature as control(CK-LT),and nitrogen fertilizer(LT-N)was applied on the end of low- temperature stress(LT-N). The spike traits,spikelet development,and floret development of potted wheat were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK-LT,with the extension of low- temperature time,the decrease of spike number,grain number per spike,grain weight,total spikelet number,and total floret number under LT treatment gradually increased;the number of top-fruiting florets,basefruiting florets, strong-fruiting florets, and weak-fruiting florets all decreased significantly,and among them,the number of base-fruiting florets and weak-fruiting florets decreased the most. Compared with LT,with the extension of low- temperature time,the increase of grain number per spike,spike number,grain weight,total spikelet number,and total floret number under LT-N treatment gradually increased;the number of top-fruiting florets, base-fruiting florets, strong-fruiting florets, and weak-fruiting florets all increased,and among them,the number of base-fruiting florets and weakfruiting florets increased the most. In summary,low temperature at the jointing stage mainly reduced the number of base-fruiting florets and weak-fruiting florets,reduced the seed setting rate of florets,and then reduced the number of grains per spike and the weight of weak grains. Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer after low- temperature mainly increased the number of base-fruiting florets and weak-fruiting florets,increased the seed setting rate of base-fruiting florets and weak-fruiting florets,and increased the contribution rate of base-fruiting florets and weak-fruiting florets to grain number per spike, thereby increasing grain number per spike and weak grain weight,and reducing yield loss caused by low- temperature stress.

Key words: wheat, low- temperature stress, nitrogen fertilizer, jointing stage, number of filled grains

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