关键词: 三孩政策, 托育服务, 供给效率, 社会资本, 市场化改革

Abstract: The implementation of“three-child policy”marks a turning point of China’s population policy.It is a key supporting measure to realize the high-quality development of childcare services. China’s urban childcare services have experienced four development stages of “welfare”“initial marketization” “continued marketization”and“diversification，”showing a step-by-step progress. When the demand for childcare services is incessantly expanding，urban childcare services is inadequate in terms of supply quantity，quality，mode，and efficiency. The problems include it is difficult to go to kindergarten，nursery services are poor and expensive，and nursery institutions have difficulty in operation. Hence，it is imperative to establish a high quality urban childcare development mechanism featuring the peoplecentered value， following the market-based reform， powered by a multiple supply structure， and guaranteed by top level government design. An effective route to achieve a high quality development of urban childcare services is to innovate the management system and mechanism of urban nursery services， enhance the talent pool，raise the level of financial subsidy，promote market oriented reform，and activate the power of social capital.

Key words: hree-child policy, childcare services, efficiency of supply, social capital, market oriented reform