Abstract: Objective To analyze the types and distribution range of ophthalmic diseases. Methods 393 cases of patients with ocular operation from January 2009 to December 2016 in cooperative hospital （General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping，Fifth Hospital in Wuhan，The People′s Hospital in Caidian District of Wuhan，etc.）of Jiangda Pathology Institute were selected for retrospective analysis of the clinical data and the pathologic type of ophthalmic diseases. The immunohistochemistry were examined in partial cases. Results In the 393 patients，according to the lesion sites，the top three were：lacrimal apparatus disease of 112 cases，28. 5%（112/393）；conjunctival diseases etc. of 108 cases，27. 5%（108/393）；orbital diseases of 35 cases，8. 9%（35/393）and so on. According to the type of disease，the top three were：a total of 102 cases of benign and malignant tumors，26. 0% （102/393），70 cases of benign，32 cases of malignant；85 cases of inflammation，21. 6%（85/393）；62 cases of cyst，15. 8%（62/393）and so on. Conclusion According to the statistical analysis，it is found that tumor accounts for the first place in the eye diseases，the malignant tumor mainly are basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The condition complicate and the diagnosis difficult are glaucoma，therefore，according to the actual work experience，we develop the corresponding main points for diagnosis.

Key words: ophthalmic disease, lesion type, tumor, glaucoma, immunohistochemistry