Abstract: This paper discusses the roles of college physical education in the development of Chinese sports including competitive sports，school P.E. and social sports，by using the dialectical analysis of the content and structure of college P.E.，with the purpose of guiding practice. The current college P.E. faces many problems and challenges，such as the diverse contents with the confused subjects，the single structure，the closed form and inefficiency. The college P.E. should act as a pioneer and incubator of the development of Chinese sports；the college basic P.E. should be the connection between the school sports and social sports by helping students to lay the lifelong physical activity awareness；the college competitive sports also should be a solid foundation of Chinese competitive sports.

Key words: college physical education, school sports, sports development