Abstract: Population characteristics and community structure of wild Artemisia argyi at Qichun in China were surveyed with α-diversity index. The main results were as follows：the population area of Artemisia argyi was 15～20 m²，coverage was 3%. The population was small population，the plant number was about 25 individuals. It was found that there were 13 plant species belonging to 10 families and 13 genera in the community，among which Robinia pseudoacacia，Phyllostachys acuta, Dendran -thema indicum，and Stephania japonica were dominant species. The vegetation was called Robinia pseudoacacia + Phyllostachys acuta + Dendranthema indicum Ass. α-diversity index analysis indicated that Simpson index（D），Shannon-Wiener index（H′），and Pielou evenness index（J）were 0. 867，2. 180，and 0. 850，respectively. Human disturbance and excessive collection might be an important factor affecting the wild populations of restoration and regeneration.

Key words: Artemisia argyi, small population, wild resource, community structure, Qichun