Abstract: Objective To study the qualified rate of clinical sputum specimen，it helps and improves the understanding of patients to take specimen，makes the patients obtain real and effective diagnosis and treatment. Methods The quality of specimens were evaluated by direct smear， Gram stain and microscopic examination，the qualified rate of sputum samples was investigated，and the degree of anastomosis with the infected bacteria was observed. Results Sputum specimen smear microscopy：WBC > 25/LP，SEC < 10/LP and WBC < 25/LP，the isolation rate of infected bacteria of SEC 10-25/LP was significantly higher than that of WBC < 10/LP，as SEC > 25/LP，the results of qualified smear examination are consistent with the isolation of infected bacteria. Conclusion It is important to control the acquisition time，method and inspection time；It can improve the isolation rate of infected bacteria，and ensure the accuracy of training results.

Key words: sputum smear, specimen quality, infective bacteria