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Table of Content

    28 February 2016, Volume 44 Issue 1
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    An Experimental Study of Atomization Characteristics of Mini-Type Nozzle
    SHI Ling，CHEN Wen，YANG Chengwu，CHEN Hongmei，HAN Shuyong
    2016, 44(1):  5-10.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.001
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    With water as atomizing medium，a experimental system is built based on the laser particle analyzer，and a series of experiments were conducted for two orifice diameter 0. 46 mm and 1. 44 mm under five different pressure respectively. Sauter Mean Diameter D ( 3, 2 ) ，Median Diameter D50 and Volume Mean Diameter D ( 4, 3 ) ，which characterize atomization characteristic of the nozzle，are analyzed. Experimental data shows that the atomized droplets D ( 3, 2 ) ，D50 ，D ( 4, 3 ) are reduced with increase of flux of water and pressure，standard deviation σ of the distribution of droplets becomes larger；At pressure 0. 28 MPa and flow 8. 5 L/h，the nozzle 0. 46 mm diameter obtains D50 = 73. 24 μm of atomized droplets while 1. 44 mm diameter obtains D50 = 84. 94 μm；The atomization effect of nozzle 0. 46 mm diameter is better than the 1. 44 mm diameter under the 0. 28 MPa pressure.
    Determination of Organic and Elemental Carbon in Fine Particulate Matters（PM2.5）
    HUANG Rui，TAN Jing，LIU Qiongyu
    2016, 44(1):  11-17.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.002
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    The research and application progress on organic carbon/elemented carbon（OC/EC）analysis methods of atmospheric particulates were summarized. The influences of the grab way on determination results for membrane samples were analyzed，and the comparability on determination results of OC/EC/TC（total carbon，TC）with IMPROVE-A，NIOSH 5040 and Quartz method were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference for the determination of total carbon （TC） among IMPROVE-A，NIOSH 5040 and Quartz method（ tTC < t0.05（2））. There was also no significant difference for the determination of OC/EC between NIOSH 5040 and Quartz method（ tOC < t0.05（2） ，tEC < t0.05（2））. However，IMPROVE-A and NIOSH 5040 method or Quartz method，there were significant differences for the determination of OC/EC（ tOC > t0.01（2），tEC > t0.01（2））. Since the OC/EC ratio is of great importance in source apportionment of particulates，and there is no standardized method for OC/EC determination， thus it′s very necessary to standardize the OC/EC analysis method for source apportionment.
    Solvability of Arithmetic Function Equation S ( SL ( n ) ) = φ2( n )
    ZHANG Lixia，ZHAO Xiqing，GUO Rui
    2016, 44(1):  18-21.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.003
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    For any positive integer n ，S( n ) ，SL( n ) ，φ2( n ) are Smarandache function，Smarandache LCM function and generalized Euler function. In the present paper， the solvability of equation S ( SL ( n ) )=φ2( n ) was studied and all the positive integer solutions n = 20，24，25，32，36，50，54 of the equation were given with the property of S( n ) ，SL( n ) ，φ2( n ) and elementary method.
    Survival Probability and Laplace Transform of a Class of Risk Model
    WEI Ruixue，YU Guosheng，YAO Zheng，YAO Chunlin，CHEN Huabin
    2016, 44(1):  22-25.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.004
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    We discussed a multi-compound Poisson-Geometric diffusion risk model of multi-type -insurance with a constant interest rate，the integral-differential equation of the survival probability of this model was obtained. We obtained the explicit expression about Laplace transform of the survival probability when there were no premium incomes，finally ，a numerical example was given to illustrate the results.
    Analysis on Differences of Mathematical Ability of Male and Female Students Based on Morkov Chain
    GAO Faling，LIN Xin，DU Meihua
    2016, 44(1):  26-29.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.005
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    Analysis on the differences of the mathematical ability of the male and female college students based on Morkov chain are carried out，through the principle，method and case analysis，the theoretical basis，features and steps of this method are described，so providing a more objective method to analyze the students′learning ability.
    Quadratic Stability for Uncertain Time-Delay System Based on a Class of T-S Fuzzy Model
    WANG Yanhua，ZHENG Liwen，QI Guixia
    2016, 44(1):  30-33.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.006
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    The nonlinear systems is construced by a class of T-S fuzzy systems with state uncertainty and time-delay uncertainty. Firstly，the fuzzy state feedback controller is designed，the control gain matrix of the controller is gived with the linear matrix inequality（LMI）technique；Next ，quadratic stability is found by the Lyapunov stability theory；Finally，the numerical example shows that the method is effective.
    Synthesis and Characterization of a New Type of Nitrogen-Phosphorus Flame Retardant
    DAI Yunli，CHEN Yuhong，CAI Chunfei，CHEN Wei，LIU Yun，HU Siqian
    2016, 44(1):  34-39.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.007
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    In this paper，9，10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide（DOPO），para aminoacetophenone and aniline as raw materials，para toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst，a new type of nitrogen and phosphorus flame retardant was synthesized under certain conditions by orthogonal experiment method. With DSC testing，it found out the melting point was about 257. 28 ℃，the characteristic peaks of the product was tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR），and the proton peak of the product was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum instrument（NMR）.The results of orthogonal experiment showed that while para toluenesulfonic acid catalyst dosage was 1% of the DOPO dosage，aniline dosage was 7 times of DOPO molar weight，synthetic yield of target product was 68% under the reaction temperature of 130 ℃ and the reaction time of 24 h.
    Effects of Sponge Urban Construction on River Water Quality and Quantity
    FANG Junhua，LIAO Jianrong
    2016, 44(1):  40-47.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.008
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    Increasing runoff pollution from rapid urbanization has been a serious threat to the safety of river water quality and quantity，sponge urban construction has been widely noticed，in order to control and reduce runoff and runoff pollution load into the rivers. In this research，the development and construction of Chongqing Chongguang lakeside park were taken as an example，environmental goals and approach of sponge urban construction were described，and the impacts of sponge urban development on the river water quality and quantity were also explored. It turned out that river water quality after development could maintain Ⅳ level，nearly as before development；The reservoir water was also basically balanced，the ecological water demand of reservoir could be met by rainwater runoff，the flood，water area decrease and function degradation could not be caused easily.
    An Improved Phenanthroline Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Ferrous Iron Content in Chelated Iron
    XU Xunda，HU Lu，YU Guoxian，LU Ping
    2016, 44(1):  48-51.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.009
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    An improved phenanthroline spectrophotometric method for the determination of ferrous content in chelated iron was propsed，aimed at unclear color reaction of standard HJ/T 345—2007. By improving reagent addition sequence and replacing part of water with 20 mL of ethanol，when pH of the solution was between 3 to 9，o-phenanthroline with chelated ferrous could form a stable orange red complex. The maximum absorption wavelength of the complex was 510 nm. This method can solve the problem of the unobvious color in the detection of the chelated ferrous by the standard HJ/T 345—2007 and the recovery rate of the sample was 98.0% to 102.0%.
    Characterization of VOX/Mg-Al-O Catalyst and Catalytic Activity in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene
    FANG Jian，LU Ping，YU Guoxian，JIN Mei
    2016, 44(1):  52-57.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.010
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    Hydrotalcite-type materials of VOX/Mg-Al-O with different V∶（Mg+Al）ratios have been prepared with isometric impregnation method，and characterized by X-ray diffraction，N2-adsorption-desorption，FT-IR and H2-TPR techniques. The relationship between catalysts′surface properties and the oxidative dehydrogenation performance of cyclohexane to cyclohexene was investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that the isolated and polymeric VO4 species on the catalyst surface were present at low vanadium loading of lower than 4 wt%，which could be reduced more easily than samples with higher vanadium loading. With the increasing of vanadiumloading，mixed magnesium vanadate compounds appeared on the catalyst surface，which were difficult to be reduced by hydrogen. Under the experimental conditions of 475 ℃ ，hydrocarbon oxygen ration of 2 ，airflow 100 mL/min and the vanadium loading of 4 wt%，a better catalytic performance of cyclohexane oxidative dehydrogenation to cyclohexene could be obtained. It can be suggested that low VOX species on the surface are the active sites for the reaction.
    Determination and Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indicators in SPF SD Rats of Different Ages and Genders
    LI Changlei，SHU Xiji，CHEN Xiaoqing，LIU Yuwei，YI Huiling，MA Baomiao
    2016, 44(1):  58-63.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.011
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    Objective To study the effect of age and gender on blood physiological and biochemical indicators of SPF SD rats，and establish the normal values background data of blood physiological and biochemical indicators of different ages and genders in SD rats. Methods 80 weaning 3 weeks old SPF SD rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups，4，12，24 and 48 weeks old. The blood physiological and biochemical indicators in rats were detected by fully automatic biochemical analyzer and blood cell analyzer，statistically analysed the indicators differences between the same gender but different age and the same age but different gender in rats. Results The values of the blood physiological and biochemical indicators of 4 weeks old rats，including WBC，RBC，HGB，HCT，MCV，MCH，MCHC，PLT，PCT，BA#，BA% and AST，CHOL，TP，GLU，CRE，ALT，ALP，BUN，TG，which were significantly different from those of the 12，24 and 48 weeks old rats（ P < 0.01 or P < 0.05）. BA% of 4 weeks old rats and BA# of 24 weeks old rats were both significantly different between the male and female（ P < 0.05），WBC and RBC were significantly different between the male and female of 12 and 24 weeks old rats（ P < 0.01 or P < 0.05），MCH and PCT were significantly different between the male and female of 48 weeks old rats（ P < 0.01）. CRE was significantly different between the male and female of 4 weeks old rats（ P < 0.01），AST，CHOL and BUN of 12 weeks old rats and GLU of 48 weeks old rats were both significantly different between the male and female（ P < 0.05），ALP was significantly different between the male and female of 4，12 and 24 weeks old rats（ P < 0.01 or P < 0.05）. Conclusion The blood physiological and biochemical indicators differences were statistically significant among SPF SD rats of same gender but different age，which also have some differences among SPF SD rats of same age but different gender.
    Histopathologic Features and Literature Review of Metanephric Adenoma
    ZHOU Hongyan，WANG Chengxin，CHEN Qiongxia，LIU Lijiang
    2016, 44(1):  64-67.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.012
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    Objective Metanephric adenoma（MA）is a rare tumor of the urinary system. Its histopatholgy features， differential diagnosis and prognosis were analyzed. Methods Two cases of MA recently diagnosed in our institute were observed and analyzed in the gross，histopathological features and immunohistochemical features. Pathological features were concluded based on clinical information extracted from the medical records and literature review. Results Both tumors were masses with a clear boundary. They also had distinct feature in histology as small cells with high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm，no nuclear atypia or mitotic figures. The tumor exhibited well- organized tubules，small cell nests，glomeruloid bodies，and sharply demarcated from the adjacent renal parenchyma. The expression of Vimentin ，WT1 and CD57 were positive while CK7，AMACR were negative. Conclusion Metanephric adenoma is a rare kidney primary epithelial origin benign tumor，based on morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining results，it can be correctly diagnosed.
    Analysis and Comparison of Routine Blood-Test Results of Venous Blood and Peripheral Blood of University Students
    YONG Xuelian，LIU Hongjuan
    2016, 44(1):  68-70.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.013
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    Objective To figure out the difference in blood-test results of venous blood and peripheral blood and provide the needed experimental data and theoretical basis to develop the standard operation procedure for routine blood testing. Methods This research took blood samples of 128 healthy college students participating in the physical examination，summarized and analyzed their biochemical results including white blood cell（WBC），red blood cell（RBC），hemoglobin（HGB），blood cell hematocrit（HCT），mean red cell volume（MCV），mean corpuscular hemoglobin content（MCH），mean erythrocyte corpuscular hemoglobin concentration（MCHC）and platelet（PLT）. Results WBC，RBC，HGB，HCT and PLT results of venous blood and peripheral blood were statistically significant（ P < 0. 05），and there were no significant difference in MCV，MCH and MCHC results（ P > 0. 05）. Conclusion There are noticeable differences in the results of blood routine examination of peripheral blood and venous blood. The test results of venous blood is less susceptible to the effects of temperature and peripheral circulation change，hence it can more accurately reflect the real blood situation of the entire body， they are more representative.
    Quality Evaluation of Sputum Specimen
    YANG Weiping，CHEN Li
    2016, 44(1):  71-73.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.014
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    Objective To study the qualified rate of clinical sputum specimen，it helps and improves the understanding of patients to take specimen，makes the patients obtain real and effective diagnosis and treatment. Methods The quality of specimens were evaluated by direct smear， Gram stain and microscopic examination，the qualified rate of sputum samples was investigated，and the degree of anastomosis with the infected bacteria was observed. Results Sputum specimen smear microscopy：WBC > 25/LP，SEC < 10/LP and WBC < 25/LP，the isolation rate of infected bacteria of SEC 10-25/LP was significantly higher than that of WBC < 10/LP，as SEC > 25/LP，the results of qualified smear examination are consistent with the isolation of infected bacteria. Conclusion It is important to control the acquisition time，method and inspection time；It can improve the isolation rate of infected bacteria，and ensure the accuracy of training results.
    Mathematica-Based Design of Dynamic Visualization in Numerical Analysis
    KONG Xiangqiang
    2016, 44(1):  74-80.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.015
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    Using the Mathematica software programming，the visualization of the compound Simpson formula for numerical integration is realized，and the dynamic calculation process of an example is presented. The interaction process to solve linear equations by the successive over-relaxation iteration method is designed，and the effect of the relaxation factor changes on the approximate solution is analyzed. A visual display of the special Newton iterative method for nonlinear equation roots is given，and the method of solving process through a numerical example is demonstrated. Using the Mathematica software in the course of numerical analysis，the intuitive and interactive of teaching content are enhanced，and the students′ interests and motivation in learning are stimulated.
    Security Research and Implementation of VPN System Based on SSL Protocol
    LI Changchun
    2016, 44(1):  81-88.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.016
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    Based on the analysis of SSL protocol，under the Linux operating system environment，open source software OpenVPN was utilized to implement the VPN system based on the SSL protocol. The performance of OpenVPN system was tested and analyzed by using Wireshark capture tool，the results showed that the system can effectively solve the problem of security and reliability of data transmission. Finally，using Grails development framework to design a file distribution system based Web，and to solve the security problems of the OpenVPN system，such as the user′s certificate，key，etc.
    Research for Event-Related Potential System
    DONG Yanli
    2016, 44(1):  89-96.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2016.01.017
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    The author used Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 as development tool，combined the existing brain potential collector，to design a kind of event-related potential system which integrated signal evoking，collecting and processing. The main functions of the system included visual evoking，real time collecting and displaying of the brain electricity signal，processed pretreatment and wavelet multi- resolution analysis. Meanwhile，the system solved the problem of desynchrony of stimulation and collection. In stimulus modelity，the system provided two stimulation sequences，one was OddBall mode and the other was equal probability mode. In the practical application，carried out visual simulation to testees with OddBall mode， implemented data pretreatment and wavelet multi- resolution analysis， finally，the system extracted P300. It proves feasibility and effectiveness of the system in ERP research.