Abstract: Poverty accompanied with the human society. In recent years，China’s economic development is rapid，poverty population is declining，but poverty still exists，especially in rural communities. In China’s rural ，with the weak foundation and a large number of poor，with the problem of back into poverty，the poverty reduction is difficult. We can say that our poverty reduction is largely to solve the problem of poverty in rural areas. Traditional economists believe that the economic growth is the effective means to solve the problem of poverty. However，the economic growth can reduce the poverty in a certain extent，but can not eliminate it permanently. China’s rural poverty is not only an economic problem，but a problem of complicated social development and institutional arrangement. Poverty is closely related to the capital. The rural China produces the poverty in economic，human，cultural and social rights. Increasing material capital，accumulating human capital，reproducing cultural capital，ensuring social right capital and building social relations network，to cultivate capital of rural，this is the effective new path to reduce the poverty in china rural communities.

Key words: rural communities, poverty reduction, poverty population, capital