Abstract: Occidental Marxism is an academic trend of thought, which grew up rapidly after world war Ⅱ. In the trend, the thought of “technological rational critique” is of reason and value. They attacked the instrumentalization of technological ration and its pragmatist tendency. But they imputed the harm resulted from the capitalist exploitation of science and technology to science and technology selves. Such should be disapproved of. The relations between man and nature, of science and technology with the environment should be handled properly so as to finally achieve the harmonious development of man and nature, and the sustainable development of social economy.

Key words: occidental Marxism, technological rational critique, alienation, man and nature