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Table of Content

    28 October 2022, Volume 50 Issue 5
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    Study on Two Equal Size Inverted Real Image Systems Based on Scalar Diffraction Theory
    XIONG Xuehui，YANG Shuyu，ZHU Chunlian
    2022, 50(5):  5-11.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.001
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    In the speckle interference image subtraction experiment，we found that the hologram prepared by the standard 4f system could obtain interference fringes，but the 4f single lens system couldn′t achieve the expected results. In this paper， the light field distributions of the object and image planes of the two systems were derived using the Fresnel diffraction model of scalar diffraction theory，which demonstrated the light field distributions of the image planes of the two systems were different. The results showed that the light field on the image plane of both systems contained factors of -exp( j4kf )U0（ -x，-y）.However，the 4f single lens system had a quadratic phase factor exp[ jk ( x2 + y 2 ) /( 2f ) ] that varies with different coordinate positions （x，y） of the image plane than the standard 4f system. For direct eye observation and detector detection，the received light intensity was not affected by the phase factor，so there was no difference between the two kinds of imaging， and they were equal inverted real images. However， in a more precise interferometric optical system，the influence of the quadratic phase factor of the image plane light field of the 4f single lens imaging system can′t be ignored.
    Application and Comparison of Five Heating Instruments Coupled with Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometer
    FENG Yunfeng，WU Jing，YANG Xiaoqiu，ZHENG Qi
    2022, 50(5):  12-21.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.002
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    The combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer（GC-MS） with various equipment has dramatically expanded its application scope. Common instruments coupled with GC-MS include static headspace， purge & trap， pyrolysis， thermal desorption，thermogravimetric analyzer，etc. In this paper，the structures of GC-MS in combination with five kinds of instruments were drawn， their working principle was demonstrated， and their main new applications in different professional fields were summarized and analyzed. These five instruments all needed to be heated，and there was a specific overlay in application，while there still were some potentials in complementary combination. Moreover，the similarities and differences of five combined instruments were compared，and the development in the future prospected.
    Preparation and Performance of Nickel-cobalt Layered Double Hydroxide as Supercapacitor Material
    DING Yingjie，ZHANG Meng，YAN Zhaoxiong，WANG Guosheng，XU Zhihua
    2022, 50(5):  22-33.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.003
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    Transition metals，especially Ni and Co elements，have been widely investigated and applied in developing energy storage electrode materials due to their excellent electrochemical properties and abundant natural resources. Among them，NiCo-layered double hydroxide（NiCo-LDH）electrode material attracted much attention because of its merits，such as tunable morphology and high specific capacitance. Herein，we reviewed the preparation methods of NiCo-LDH as a supercapacitor material and its modified materials via ion-doping and hybrid combination. The effects of the preparation method on its microstructure and electrochemical performance were discussed.
    Finite Element Simulation of Nickel Oxide-based Array Thermal Sensitivity Device
    ZHAN Xuhe，XING Jian，YANG Jie，YU Jiajie，ZHANG Ke，WU Sicheng
    2022, 50(5):  34-40.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.004
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    With the rapid development of the Internet of Things，real- time，accurate，and multi-point visual monitoring of temperature has become indispensable. Based on the previously developed wide-range and high-precision nickel oxide temperature sensor，this paper proposed the appropriate size and distribution of the array-sensitive unit through the simulation of the finite element array thermal sensitivity device. In the case of the actual reaction heat source temperature，the influence on the adjacent sensitive units should be minimized. The simulation model was a four-layer structure with an array density of 4 × 4. The thickness of each layer was enlarged in the same proportion to ensure the accuracy of the simulation. The simulation optimization results of the sensitive element size showed that with the decrease of the unit area，its influence on the adjacent units gradually decreased，and the equilibrium was basically reached when the area was 8 mm × 8 mm. Before the thickness reached 1. 0 mm，the variation had a significant impact on the temperature of adjacent units. When the thickness exceeded 1. 0 mm，it had a smaller influence on the adjacent units. According to the two simulation results，the size of the sensitive layer unit in the array was determined to be 8 mm（length）× 8 mm（width）×（0. 6-1. 0）mm（height）.
    Relationship Between Stem Lodging Resistance and Basal Internode Traits of Wheat Along Huaihe River
    ZHANG Peiwen，YAN Suhui，ZHANG Congyu，SHAO Qingqin，LIU Liangbai，WANG Pingxin，LIU Fei，LI Wenyang
    2022, 50(5):  41-49.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.005
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    To clarify the internal factors affecting wheat lodging resistance formation along Huaihe River，the relationship between wheat stem lodging resistance and related traits was discussed based on analyzing, the stem characteristics，internode morphological characteristics，basal two-internode mechanical characteristics， chemical composition， and anatomical structure of the selected 11 wheat varieties. The results showed that the wheat varieties with lower plant height， lower barycenter height， larger vascular bundles between the two internodes at the stem base，and thicker parenchyma had a higher lodging resistance index. Based on the anatomical structure of the stem between the second internode of the wheat base，QM725 and HC3366 had more vascular bundles，thicker parenchyma，more cell layers，more closely arranged cells，and higher lodging resistance index. In correlation analysis，the lodging resistance index of wheat was significantly negatively correlated with plant height， extremely significantly negatively correlated with barycenter height，significantly positively correlated with the number of large vascular bundles in the second internode of stem base，and positively correlated with the thickness of parenchyma. Under the conditions of this study，the plant is shorter，the stem barycenter height is lower，the cells are arranged closely between the two basal internodes，the number of large vascular bundles is more，the thickness of thin wall tissue is thicker，and the mechanical strength is large，which is beneficial to the formation of lodging resistance of wheat stem.
    Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer on Granule Size Distribution and Viscosity Parameters of Wheat Starch
    WU Yongjie，CHENG Huihua，LI Rui，LI Wenyang，SHAO Qingqin，ZHANG Congyu，YAN Suhui
    2022, 50(5):  50-55.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.006
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    Using wheat variety Huacheng 3366 as the test material and set four phosphorus levels which the P2O5 consistency of 0，60，120，and 180 kg/hm2，respectively，the effect of phosphate fertilizer dosage on the starch granules size distribution and starch viscosity parameters of wheat endosperm was studied. The test results showed that when the phosphate fertilizer dosage was 0 ~ 120 kg/hm2，as the amount of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased，the volume and surface area percentage of B- type starch granules increased and the volume and surface area percentage of A- type starch granules reduced. When the phosphate fertilizer dosage was 120 ~ 180 kg/hm2，increasing phosphate fertilizer had no significant effect on the volume and surface area percentage of A- type and B- type starch granules. Increasing the application of phosphorus fertilizer in the range of 0 ~ 120 kg/hm2 significantly increased the trough viscosity，peak viscosity，and final viscosity of wheat grain starch，but had no significant effect on the breakdown and setback value. When the phosphate fertilizer dosage exceeded 120 kg/hm2，the amount of phosphate fertilizer had no significant effect on the above starch viscosity parameters. The above analysis demonstrates that increasing the amount of phosphate fertilizer changed the starch particle size distribution when the phosphate fertilizer dosage is 0 ~ 120 kg/hm2. That is to increase the volume and surface area percentage of B- type starch granules，reduce the volume and surface area percentage of A- type starch granules，and then increase the starch viscosity parameters such as peak viscosity.
    Research Progress on Effects of Temperature Stress on Wheat Grain Quality
    NI Qianqian，CHEN Xiang，XU Hui，FANG Hao，JIANG Gang，WEI Fengzhen，LI Jincai
    2022, 50(5):  56-62.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.007
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    Temperature stress is one of the main abiotic stresses in the wheat growth process. When wheat is subjected to temperature stress， wheat′s growth and physiological metabolism are affected，leading to wheat yield reduction and quality reduction. Therefore，the study of wheat resistance（high and low temperature）is also one of the hot spots in the wheat research field. Grain quality is one of the important bases for measuring wheat quality. In this paper，the research progress on the effects of temperature stress on wheat grain quality was reviewed，and the effects of different cultivation measures on wheat resistance to temperature stress were analyzed from the aspects of variety，sowing amount，water and fertilizer regulation，chemical regulation，to provide theoretical support for the development of high yield，high quality and high efficiency of wheat production.
    Effects of High-fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance on Amino Acid Homeostasis in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice
    LIU Rui，LI Zijin，FEI Ankui，ZHANG Yiwen，WANG Leyu，LI Kejian，LIU Zhi
    2022, 50(5):  63-68.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.008
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    Objective To observe the effects of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance on amino acid homeostasis in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Methods Twenty male APP/ PS1 double transgenic mice aged 3 months were randomly divided into two groups and fed on the normal diet（ND）and high-fat diet（HFD），respectively. At the end of 20 weeks，the glucose tolerance test（GTT） and insulin tolerance test（ITT） were performed，the area under the curve（AUC）was calculated，and insulin sensitivity was evaluated. Then the mice were sacrificed， and the serum and hippocampus were collected. Aβ40/Aβ42 concentration in the hippocampus was measured by ELISA. Ultrastructure in the hippocampus was observed by the electron microscope. The serum levels of amino acids were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS）. Results The AUC of ITT and GTT were significantly increased after 20-week HFD feeding compared with ND mice. In HFD-fed mice，the levels of Aβ40/Aβ42 in the hippocampus were significantly increased，and ultrastructure damage to the hippocampus was exacerbated than that of mice fed with ND. Serum leucine，isoleucine，cysteine，glutamine，glycine，and serine levels were significantly decreased compared with ND mice. Conclusion HFD-induced insulin resistance exacerbates ADrelated pathogenesis and is accompanied by amino acid dysmetabolism. However，the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms between amino acid dysmetabolism and AD pathology should be studied further.
    Clinical Application of Nalbuphine Pre-analgesia Mode in Laparoscopic Partial Hepatectomy
    WENG Fangze，WU Wei，ZHU Lin ，LI Kai
    2022, 50(5):  69-74.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.009
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    Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of nalbuphine preanalgesia in laparoscopic partial hepatectomy and provide the basis for its rational use in laparoscopic hepatectomy. Methods 60 cases accepted laparoscopic partial hepatectomy in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The Central Hospital of Wuhan from March 2020 to March 2021，who conforming to the standard were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group with 30 cases. The experimental group was given 0. 2 mg/kg nalbuphine （Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co. ，Ltd. ，2 mL∶20 mg）intravenous infusion before surgery，while the control group was given the same amount of normal saline infusion simultaneously. NRS pain scores and Ramsay sedation scores at 2，4，8，12，24，and 48 h after surgery were recorded and evaluated，and additional analgesia times and doses at 48 h after surgery were calculated. The incidence of nausea，vomiting，dizziness，abdominal distension，respiratory depression，and other adverse reactions was recorded. Results The NRS pain scores of the experimental group at 2，4，8，12，and 24 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group（P < 0. 05）. The Ramsay sedation score at 24 h after operation was significantly higher in the experimental group compared with that of the control group（P < 0. 05）. There was no significant difference in NRS pain score and Ramsay sedation score between the two groups 48 h after surgery（P > 0. 05）. The number and dose of additional analgesia at 48 h after operation in the experimental were significantly less than those in the control group（P < 0. 05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups （P > 0. 05）. Conclusion The prophylactic application of nalbuphine can significantly relieve postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial hepatectomy，which is effective and safe in clinical application.
    Primary Ovarian Leiomyosarcoma：A Case Report and Literature Review
    SHANG Ronghua ，CAO Chen
    2022, 50(5):  75-80.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.010
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    Objective To investigate the clinical features， pathological features， and diagnosis of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 1 patient with primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma admitted were retrospectively analyzed，and relevant literature was reviewed. Results The 77-year-old patient showed symptoms of abdominal pain and a pelvic mass，and an imaging examination found a large pelvic mass of about 20 cm. The patient received primary debulking surgery. The postoperative diagnosis was ovarian leiomyosarcoma. The postoperative survival has been 10 months. Conclusion Primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma is a rare and highly invasive tumor with atypical clinical symptoms. The diagnosis is based on histopathology，and the prognosis is poor.
    Research Progress in Endostat Combined with Hyperthermic Perfusion in Treating Malignant Ascites
    SHENG Jinjin，MA Yanling
    2022, 50(5):  81-89.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.011
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    The formation reason of malignant ascites（MA）in patients with advanced cancer is a key issue in clinical oncology，which may cause the most serious manifestations，including severe abdominal pain，cachexia，anorexia，fatigue，etc. Many researchers have recently found high vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression in isolated malignant effusions. Although it can′t be determined whether VEGF is the cause of malignant effusions， its antagonist endostatin （recombinant human endostatin） has a promising development prospect in treating malignant ascites. The hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy technology emerging in recent years is adjuvant therapy for rare intraabdominal diseases. The chemotherapeutic drugs and hyperthermic perfusion therapy have a synergistic effect，and the thermal effect helps the drugs enter the tumor cells and exert a good killing effect. This paper introduces the research results and clinical experience of Endostat combined with hyperthermic perfusion in treating malignant ascites，and reviews the research of Endostat combined with hyperthermic perfusion in treating malignant ascites based on recent domestic and foreign papers.
    Studies on Extraction Process of Total Triterpenoids from Maytenus Austroyunnanensis S. J. Pei et Y. H. Li
    FANG Zhenfeng，YANG Yuan，FANG Hui，YANG Guang
    2022, 50(5):  90-96.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2022.05.012
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    Objective To select the optimal extraction process of total triterpenoids from Maytenus austroyunnanensis S. J. Pei et Y. H. Li. Methods With oleanolic acid as the reference substance，the total triterpenoid content in Maytenus. austroyunnanensis as the index，the color developed with 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid and perchloric acid，the effects of five factors，such as extraction method，extraction time，solid-liquid ratio， extraction times， and ultrasonic power， on the extraction of total triterpenoids from Maytenus. austroyunnanensis were investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry，and the optimal extraction process was verified.Results The optimum technological conditions for the extraction of total triterpenes from Maytenus. austroyunnanensis were as follows：ultrasonic extraction for 60 min，the solid-liquid ratio（g/mL）of 1∶20，extraction once，the ultrasonic power of 450 W，and the content of total triterpenoids was 23. 99 mg/g. Conclusion The optimal extraction conditions are simple and easy to operate， which provides a certain experimental basis for the further study of chemical components and pharmacological activities of Maytenus. austroyunnanensis.