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Table of Content

    28 December 2020, Volume 48 Issue 6
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    Preparation of NaV6O15 Nanorods on Carbon Cloth and Their Electrochemical Properties
    LIU Wanneng，NI Hang，MAO Zhipeng，TIAN Yu，ZHU Xiaolong，ZHENG Guang
    2020, 48(6):  5-12.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.001
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    NaV6O15 is a kind of nanomaterial with superior performance and has great application prospects in the field of supercapacitors. In order to obtain an electrode system with better performance，NaV6O15 was synthesized on carbon cloth as a precursor using the hydrothermal method in this paper. The carbon cloth was annealed，and the NaV6O15 precursor on the carbon cloth was transformed into crystals of NaV6O15 nanorod with diameters ranging from 30 nm to 100 nm through lattice reconstruction，which firmly grew on each bunch of fiber filaments of the carbon cloth. X-ray diffractometer，scanning electron microscope and electrochemical workstation were used for phase、morphology and electrochemical analysis of the electrode material. The results showed that the specific capacitance was 735. 3 F/g at the current density of 0. 5 A/g，and after 3 000 cycles，its capacitance retention rate was 85%. In addition，the electrode material also had good rate performance，higher energy density and extremely low internal resistance. Its electrochemical performance is greatly improved compared to coated electrodes.
    Preparation of MgCo2O4 Electrode Material for Supercapacitor and Its Electrochemical Properties
    NI Hang，LIU Wanneng，MAO Zhipeng，TIAN Yu，ZHU Xiaolong，ZHENG Guang
    2020, 48(6):  13-22.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.002
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    The capacitive performance of spinel-type nanomaterials mainly depends on their particle size，specific surface area，microscopic morphology and structure. In order to obtain better electrode materials for supercapacitors，we prepared 3D MgCo2O4 with lamellar flower-like structures composed of nanosheets， using the urea-based hydrothermal method at a lower temperature（120 ℃）。The size of the nanosheet varied with a smaller size of approximately 7. 34 μm and a larger size of approximately 15. 38 μm. The thickness of the nanosheets was uniform，approximately 63. 9 nm. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction，scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical workstation. The result indicated that the specific capacity could reach 315. 6 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g. Additionally，after 4 000 cycles of MgCo2O4 material with lamellar flower-like structure，the loss was only 26. 5%，showing good cycling stability.
    Mechanism Exploration of Jinyebaidu Particles Against COVID- 19 Based on Network Pharmacology
    YUAN Fahu，LIU Li，BA Ruiqi，CHEN Jiangyuan，HUANG Lixia，ZHU Shuxiu
    2020, 48(6):  23-32.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.003
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    Objective To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Jinyebaidu Particles in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）. Methods Through searching Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP）and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM） to select the chemical constituents and action targets of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos，Houttuyniae Herba，Isatidis Folium，Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz in Jinyebaidu Particles. The disease-related target genes were obtained by consulting Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） and GeneCards database，and then the drug-active molecules-target gene action network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene ontology （GO） functional annotation and enrichment analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathways were conducted by the R package cluster Profiler to predict the mechanism of action of Jinyebaidu Particles on COVID-19. Results A total of 31 active molecules and 110 target genes were screened，mainly including PTGS2，AR，ESR1，PPARG，PRSS1，NOS2，NR3C2 and other core targets. Enrichment analysis revealed 2 138 GO items（P < 0. 05）and 134 KEGG signaling pathways （P < 0. 05）. The main enrichment pathways included AGE-RAGE signaling pathway，atherosclerosis，TNF-α signaling pathway，Influenza A pathway. Conclusion The active compounds of Jinyebaidu Particles can act on core inflammatory pathways such as TNF signaling，thus exerting antioxidant damage and anti-inflammatory effects on COVID-19.
    Assessment Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Prognosis in Coronavirus Disease 2019
    SHANG Weifeng，LI Yuanyuan，SONG Xiaohong，DU Xingguo，DONG Junwu，TIAN Ming
    2020, 48(6):  33-37.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.004
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    Objective To explore the assessment value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR） for prognosis in coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）. Methods Using the retrospective study，399 cases of COVID-19 admitted to Wuhan Fourth Hospital were selected as the research subjects. According to the clinical prognosis，they were divided into the survival group （n = 375） and the death group （n = 24）. The neutrophil count and lymphocyte count of patients on the first day of admission were collected to calculate the NLR，and the differences between neutrophils，lymphocytes and NLR in different groups were compared. The receiver-operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the optimal threshold of NLR for predicting prognosis. Results The neutrophils and NLR of the death group were significantly higher than that of the survival group， and the lymphocytes of the death group were significantly lower than that of the survival group. According to ROC curve analysis， the areas under the ROC curve of neutrophils，lymphocytes and NLR were 0. 759， 0. 838 and 0. 856， respectively， and the optimal thresholds were 4. 955 × 109/L，0. 775 × 109/L，and 6. 919，respectively. Conclusion NLR can be used as a simple and effective auxiliary indicator for prognostic evaluation of COVID-19 patients.
    Localization of a Ring and Its Application
    LI Yanwu
    2020, 48(6):  38-43.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.005
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    Firstly，the homological properties of K0 groups and K1 groups were studied on the basis of localization from the nilpotency of irreversible elements in rings and the chain condition of ideal lattices of rings， respectively. Then， starting from the freedom of projective modules， the conditions of constructing local rings were given， and the determinant mapping properties of matrix rings and the diagonalization of idempotent matrices were studied. Finally，as an application，some results of localization of SF ring were given.
    Study on Necessary Conditions for Optimal Control of Fixed Boundary Systems Under Constraint Conditions
    WU Qunmei
    2020, 48(6):  44-47.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.006
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    Complex systems are not only affected by many elements but also constrained by some other conditions. In order to find out the optimal performance index of the system state equation constrained by other conditions under fixed boundary conditions， this paper presented a method of constructing auxiliary functions. Firstly，the performance indexes of the system with and without plastic constraints were transformed into the expression of the performance indexes without conditions. Then，the necessary conditions for the system to reach the optimum and their proof were obtained by using the Lagrange equation theorem in the classical variational method.
    Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Water-Soluble Dietary Fiber from Peony Husk by Response Surface Methodology
    CHEN Fazhi，ZHAI Jinghua，LIU Kehua，LI Xiuli，CHEN Zhen，REN Zhongyu
    2020, 48(6):  48-55.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.007
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    To develop the resource utilization of peony husk， microwave-assisted extraction of water-soluble dietary fiber（SDF） from peony husk was used in this study. Single-factor experiments were performed by selecting the citric acid concentration， material/liquid ratio，microwave power，and microwave time. Based on the single-factor experiment， the response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the extraction process. The three variables of material/liquid ratio （A），microwave power （B），and microwave time（C）were selected as the dependent variables that had a large effect on the SDF extraction rate，and the SDF extraction rate was taken as the response value （Y）. Design-Expert8.6.0 was used to design three factors and three levels，and a response surface test was performed to establish the regression equation between each dependent variable and response value. The regression equation fitted well，and the effect on the SDF yield was material/liquid ratio > microwave power > microwave time. The optimal process conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of SDF were as follows：material/liquid ratio was 1∶26. 19，microwave power was medium fire，and the microwave time was 63. 6 s. Under such conditions，the SDF extraction rate could reach 45. 99%. In this study，the SDF microwave extraction technology of peony husk was established， which had a guiding significance for the in-depth development and utilization of peony husk resources.
    Heterosis Analysis of Sweet Corn Grain Traits
    FANG Hao，ZHOU Boyu，XU Yunlin，CHENG Xinxin
    2020, 48(6):  56-64.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.008
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    Grain traits is an important factor affecting maize yield，and this experiment mainly analyzed the genetic characteristics and heterosis of the 57 sweet corn inbred lines and equipping 40 testcross combinations of hybrid seed grain traits. The results showed that there were significant differences in the performance of heterosis in grain traits. The heritability rate of over mid-parent heterosis was as high as 57. 50% in grain width，and 37. 5% in heterobeltiosis. The heritability rate of over mid-parent heterosis was 50% in grain length， and 30% in heterobeltiosis. The heritability rate of over mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis were both 25% in grain thickness. The heterosis was as follows： grain width > grain length > grain thickness；F1 seeds were closely related to heredity when there was no significant difference in grain traits between parents. Therefore，to obtain a high yield by improving grain traits，it is possible to select parents with distant phylogenetic relationships for crossbreeding.
    Effects of Exogenous Hormones on Proliferation and Rooting of a New Stevia Cultiver ′huinong No. 5′ in vitro
    CHEN Zhiying，LI Wenyang，CUI Guangrong
    2020, 48(6):  65-71.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.009
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    In this experiment，MS was used as the basic medium and the stem segments of ′huinong No. 5′ stevia test-tube seedlings were used as experimental materials. The effects of the treatment combination of 6-BA，KT，Ad three exogenous hormone solutions at 6 concentrations and 0. 1 mg/L NAA on the proliferation and rooting of test-tube seedlings were studied. The results showed that the effects of adding an appropriate concentration of exogenous hormone were obvious. The medium suitable for the secondary culture of stevia test-tube seedlings was MS + 6-BA 1. 0 mg/L + NAA 0. 1 mg/L + sugar 30 g/L + AGAR powder 5. 5 g/L. The medium suitable for the proliferation of stevia test-tube seedlings was MS + 6-BA 2. 0 mg/L + NAA 0. 1 mg/L + sugar 30 g/L + AGAR powder 5. 5 g/L，the proliferation coefficient can reach 3. 50. The optimal rooting medium for test-tube seedlings was 1/2 MS + NAA 0. 1 mg/L + sugar 20 g/L + AGAR powder 5. 5 g/L. Different kinds of exogenous hormones，different concentrations and different combinations of treatments have different effects on the proliferation and rooting of stevia test-tube seedlings.
    Determination of Anthocyanin Content in Peel of New Varieties of Purple Pepper and Purple Cowpea
    XIE Qian，YANG Xiaoting，YANG Wei，LI Jianan
    2020, 48(6):  72-77.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.010
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    Peppers and cowpeas are two common vegetables on people′s dinner tables. In this paper，3 kinds of purple peppers and 10 kinds of purple cowpeas were collected from Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Legume Plant. The organic solvent extraction method was used to extract anthocyanins from the peel，and the anthocyanin content was determined by the pH differential method. The result showed that purple vegetables were rich in anthocyanins. Among the purple peppers ， the highest anthocyanin content was JHUN purple pepper no. 2（25. 936 3 mg/100g），and the average anthocyanin content was 19. 011 5 mg/100g. Those whose anthocyanin content exceeded the average value were purple pepper no. 11-2-1 and JHUN purple pepper no.2.The highest anthocyanin content in purple cowpeas was JD0567（131. 203 6 mg/100g），and the average anthocyanin content was 87. 355 mg/100g. Among the purple cowpeas，the anthocyanin content of JD0138，JD0821，JD0567 and JD0140 all exceeded the average value. The results of this study provide an experimental basis for the breeding of excellent varieties with high anthocyanin content in the future，and the scientific basis for the development and utilization of anthocyanins in purple peppers and purple cowpeas as a functional component，which is also conducive to the promotion and cultivation of purple vegetables.
    Evolutionary Region Growing Segmentation Algorithm Based on Maximum Entropy
    WEI Guangxing，ZHOU Xianzhong，LI Hua
    2020, 48(6):  78-83.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.011
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    Region growing segmentation is a fast and easy algorithm for image segmentation，but it is sensitive to the number of initialization points. An evolutionary region growing segmentation algorithm based on maximum entropy is proposed. The principle of evolutionary maximum entropy is used to calculate the number of regions that are segmented by the evolutionary region. The population is generated according to the number of regions，and the optimal seed and fitness value in each population is calculated and obtained. And then the segmentation of the image is realized. Experimental results show that the algorithm can obtain the image segmentation results more accurately.
    Study on Image Defogging Technology Based on MATLAB
    QI Hui，SUN Chao，SU Tong，MA Junzhi，ZHU Yongjie，DING Jianjun
    2020, 48(6):  84-90.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.012
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    In order to restore the degraded images collected by outdoor acquisition devices in haze weather，this paper proposes an image defogging system on the MATLAB platform. The system can restore foggy degradation images to different degrees through four classic defogging algorithms：global histogram equalization，local histogram equalization，multiscale Retinex，and dark channel prior. The defogging effects are compared by image quality evaluation indicators. Experimental results show that the sharpness and contrast of the images processed by different defogging algorithms have been improved， and the corresponding algorithm can be selected according to the needs of the scene in practical applications. The implement of the system lays a foundation for the research of image defogging technology，and it has good operability.
    Design of Clustering Objective Function Containing Visual Parameter
    HAN Hai
    2020, 48(6):  91-96.  doi:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2020.06.013
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    As the optimal solution of the clustering problem is usually related to the person′s field of view，this paper proposes an objective function containing a visual parameter can be designed in the clustering problem. Experimental results show that the function works well to compare clustering results of the same dataset with different number of cluster centers，and usually figures out the optimal solution as expects.