Abstract: Objective To discuss the influence of prone position ventilation（PPV） on the complications risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome （NRDS）. Methods The two researchers jointly formulated retrieval strategies and inclusion criteria. Relevant clinical controlled trials on the application effect of PPV on NRDS mechanical ventilation in newborns were searched from PubMed，EMBASE，Web of Science，China Biomedical Literature Database，CNKI，Wanfang，and VIP databases，respectively. The literature that met the inclusion criteria was screened out，the quality grade was divided，and valuable information was extracted. Finally，RevMan 5.3 software was used for evidence-based medicine analysis. Results 12 pieces of literature ultimately met the inclusion criteria， covering 1 246 subjects. The Meta-analysis results showed that the risk of pressure ulcers， accidental extubation， ventilator-associated pneumonia， pneumothorax， pulmonary hemorrhage，subcutaneous edema，and intracranial hemorrhage in the supine group was higher than those in the PPV group（P ≤ 0. 05）. There was no significant difference in the risk of artificial airway blockage between the two groups（P > 0. 05）. Conclusion PPV can reduce the risk of pressure ulcers，accidental extubation，ventilator-associated pneumonia， pneumothorax，pulmonary hemorrhage，subcutaneous edema，and intracranial hemorrhage in newborns with NRDS，but does not affect the risk of artificial airway blockage. This study can provide evidence reference for the safety of PPV in neonatology.

Key words: prone position ventilation, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, complications, Meta-analysis