Abstract: Objective To analyze the causes of severe complications caused by bronchoscopic balloon dilation in three cases of Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital，to improve the safety of balloon dilation and reduce or avoid severe complications. Methods Three cases of severe complications were tracheal-bronchial membrane laceration， pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema，and intraoperative hemorrhage，respectively. The records of the operation process and the methods of rescue treatment or symptomatic treatment were reviewed to find out the causes of severe complications and successful experience of rescue or symptomatic treatment. Results From May 1，2021 to April 30，2022，the incidence of severe complications after balloon dilation for tuberculous airway stenosis was only 2. 6% （3/114）in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital，including 1 case of airway membrane tear，1 case of mediastinal subcutaneous emphysema，and 1 case of postoperative massive bleeding. After symptomatic treatment， all recovered completely. Conclusion The severe complications of balloon dilation for tuberculous trachel-bronchial membrane laceration are mostly seen in patients with extremely severe cicatricial stenosis or central airways occlusion （CAO）requiring recanalization. For severe scar stenosis，scar release before balloon dilation can reduce the incidence of airway membrane tear and mediastinal subcutaneous emphysema. Relevant emergency plans should be made before surgery，appropriate cicatricotomy should be performed before balloon dilation，and active symptomatic treatment after surgery can minimize the impact of serious complications.

Key words: bronchoscopy, balloon dilation, tuberculous airway stenosis, severe complications