Abstract: In this paper，the author identified one particular small heat shock protein（sHSP）（ shsp27 ，GenBank number FK669241.1） which contained a typical α- crystalline central domain from Callosobruchus maculatus with bioinformatics method. Then，the author used real- time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）to detect the mRNA relative expression levels of shsp27 in 4th larva of C. maculatus ，after being exposured to different temperature stress（4，15，30，37 ℃，and 4 ℃ 24 h then back to 30 ℃ treatments（Rec））. The results showed that the low temperature（4，15 ℃）and high temperature（37 ℃）heat stress up-regulated the relative expression of shsp27 ，and the high temperature stress upregulated it stronger，that of Rec was slightly higher than that of CK，but not significantly. It is considered that there is no correlationship between shsp27 expression and high/low temperature adaptability.

Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus, small heat shock protein（sHSP）, temperature stress, mRNA expression level, real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）