Abstract: The four kinds of domestic biomass，including firewood，bamboo，oil crop straw（soybean straw and peanut straw） from rural areas of Wuhan were selected for combustion experiment in a furnace，and we collected and analyzed the fine particulate matter（PM_2.5）emitted from the combustion. The results showed that emission factors of PM2.5 were influenced obviously by biomass fuel types. The emission factor of PM_2.5 in oil crop straws was significantly higher than that of bamboo and firewood，and the PM_2.5 emission factor of firewood increased with the increase of water content. Carbonaceous components were the most common components of PM_2.5 in four kinds of biomass，which TC accounts for 55. 55% ~ 87. 91% of PM_2.5. The TC emission factor of oil crop straw was up to 5. 61 g/kg，and which was 12. 5 times that of firewood. The OC/EC ratio of oil crop straw was up to 10. 69，which was much higher than that of firewood（1. 88），indicating that the combustion of oil crop straw had an essential effect on the formation of the secondary aerosol. The heavy metals emission factors of Cr，Mn，Ni，As，Cd and Pb in four biomass were significant different，and the heavy metal emission factors of oil crop straws were significantly higher than that of firewood. The results showed that the emission factors of PM_2.5，carbonaceous components and heavy metals in the commonly used firewood were much lower than those of the other three kinds of biomass，and the emission factors of dry firewood were more depressed than those of wet firewood. Therefore，we suggested that the local villagers should use the air-dried firewood for cooking and treat the oil crop straw in other ways，so as to reduce the adverse effects on the atmospheric environment.

Key words: domestic biomass, fine particles, carbonaceous components, heavy metals, emission factors