Abstract: The start and development of the Vernacular Movement cannot only be researched from the angle of development of literature or language itself. With the historic background when the social situation began to take great changes, the Vernacular Movement became the important role in constructing modern nation-state. In the construction of the nation-state, Europe and eastern Asian countries used national dialectal vulgarism to reform written languages so as to resist domination of traditional imperialist languages. The Vernacular Movement was the one using popular language form to replace the classical Chinese writings, which was already a unified national traditional language form. The principal historic impetus of the Vernacular Movement was from the western countries that had defeated the Chinese imperial. In the contact and conflict between Chinese and western cultural ideology, the problem of the national culture as the principal body was reflected on the intellectuals of the different circles.

Key words: the Vernacular Movement, nation-state, ideology, cultural conflict