Abstract: A Probit model and a mediation model are built on the China Family Panel Studies（CFPS）2018. They empirically tested the impact of livelihood capital on the intergenerational transmission of poverty in farmer households and the mediating effect of women’s participation in labor. It is discovered that live lihood capital significantly blocked the intergenerational transmission of poverty in farmer households，and that the labor participation of women，besides reducing the probability of mutidimensional poverty，had a prominent mediating effect in the process of livelihood capital blocking the intergenerational transmission of poverty in farmer households. Therefore，the support to farmer households’life and production should be increased，educational investment and equality in rural areas should be paid more attention，a multi-layer social support network should be established，and more flexible approaches to employment and entrepre neurship should be encouraged. A combination of the measures can be taken to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty in farmer households.

Key words: livelihood capital；poverty of farmer household, intergenerational transmission, multi-dimensional poverty, female participation in labor