Abstract: In the paper，using the variety of 'Zhongwan No. 4' as material，in the situation of no-tillage and tillage in winter-fallow paddy fields，considering rhizobia inoculated and non-inoculated pea， the effects of tillage management and rhizobia inoculation on soil fertility of winter-fallowed paddy fields，pea yield and quality were discussed by double factor randomized block design. The results showed that the organic matter content of peas planted with or without rhizobia could be significantly increased under no-tillage conditions. Although the treatments of no-tillage and tillage inoculation could significantly improve the content of soil total nitrogen，there was no significant effect of tillage management and rhizobia inoculation on soil alkaline nitrogen content. The treatment of no-tillage could significantly increase the available phosphorus content in the soil. Moreover，the treatment of no-tillage could significantly increase the content of available potassium， while the treatment of rhizobia inoculation did not have the effect. The treatments of no-tillage inoculation and no-tillage no-inoculation could markedly increase the number of bacteria，but only no-tillage inoculation could significantly increase the number of actinomycetes and fungi. No-tillage inoculation treatment could remarkably improve the number of pods per plant， the yield of tender pods， and the yield of seeds， but there was no significant difference in the number of seeds per plant and the weight of 100 seeds. In addition，the content of crude protein and crude fiber in pea could be markedly improved by inoculating rhizobia under no-tillage or tillage conditions. Further analysis of the main effects showed that the tillage managements played a leading role in the content of available phosphorus and available potassium，the number of actinomycetes and fungi. However，the effect of rhizobia inoculation played a leading role in the content of organic matter and soil total nitrogen，the number of bacteria，the number of pods per plant，the yield of tender pods and seeds，the content of crude protein and crude fiber. In the impact on the yield of tender pods and seeds，there was an obvious interaction effect between the tillage managements and rhizobia inoculation.

Key words: no-tillage, tillage, rhizobia inoculation, winter-fallowed paddy fields, soil fertility, pea yield and quality