Abstract: Soil samples were collected from 15 farmlands of the Xiaogan suburb. Soil layers were divided into 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers to determine pH value，alkali solution nitrogen，total phosphorus，available phosphorus，effective potassium content effectively，and to analyze the fertility conditions of soil of two layers. The results showed that pH value of the Xiaogan suburb farmland surface soil was slight acidic to acidic；Alkali solution nitrogen content was 41. 28-63. 89 mg/kg which was in the medium level；Total phosphorus of surface soil was as high as 620.48-1 164. 68 mg/kg，available phosphorus content of dry farmland was 73. 84- 181. 42 mg/kg，and it could meet the demand of plant growth，available phosphorus content of paddy farmland was 22. 94-48. 61 mg/kg，partial paddy farmland existed phosphorus deficiency；Effective potassium content was only 11. 56-40. 59 mg/kg which was in a low level. The pH value，alkali solution nitrogen，and effective potassium content of two kinds of soil layers had significant difference. Available phosphorus content of surface soil of different planting patterns were significantly higher than those of the subsurface soil，but the available phosphorus content of dry farmland soil ranged as high as 2.1，which was far more than paddy field′s available phosphorus content ratio 1. 2 between the layers. Total phosphorus content of dry filed surface soil was significantly higher than that of the subsurface soil，and the total phosphorus content of surface soil in the paddy field was significantly lower than that of the subsurface soil.

Key words: planting patterns, soil layers, physical and chemical properties