Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship of cytokones associated with Th17 cells in serum and acute graft-versus-host disease from patients with hematologic diseases who were undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods In this study，78 patients with haematological diseases were undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Th17 cell-associated cytokines in serum were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）from patients with acute graft-versus-host disease（aGVHD）（n=12），without aGVHD（n=14），and patients with aGVHD who were effectively treated（n=10）. Healthy volunteers（n=10） were severed as control. Results ①The serum cytokine levels（pg/mL）of patients with aGVHD（n=12）were significantly higher compared with healthy control group（n=10）and non-aGVHD group（n=14）（P <0. 05）. On contrary，The TGF-β1 level（pg/mL）（1 156. 61±458. 04） was significantly lower than the healthy control group（2 978. 34±1 647. 71）and non-aGVHD group（2 541. 62±1 805. 16）（P<0. 05）. IL-22：non-aGVHD group was significantly higher than healthy control group（22. 14±2. 49，19. 18±1. 24）（P<0. 05）；IL-21，IL-22，IL-23 were higher than healthy control group（P<0. 05），there was no statistical difference about other cytokines between healthy control group and non-aGVHD group（P>0. 05）. ②After treatment，the cytokine levels above in 10 cases of effective treatment decreased to considerable extent ，and there was significant difference between before and after effective treatment（P <0. 05），but the IL-22 showed no significant difference between before and after effective treatment（P>0. 05）. Conclusion Th17 cell-associated cytokines（IL-17，IL-23，IL-21，IFN-γ，TGF-β1）in serum are assocoated with pathogenesis，development and treatment efficacy of aGVHD，whereas acute GVHD is no relationship with IL-22 cencentration in serum.