Abstract: Objective This study investigates the peritoneal dialysis（PD）patients who chose Wuhan Central Hospital for the designated hospital to understand the factors affecting patients′ choice of PD as the initial dialysis method and provides feasible suggestions and measures for further promotion of PD in the current and other regions. Methods We selected PD patients who chose Wuhan Central Hospital as the designated hospital，PD as the initial dialysis method， and had no hemodialysis （HD） contraindications. Then we sent out questionnaires to patients to collect the factors that affect patients to choose PD as the initial dialysis method，the patient′s pre-dialysis education，and family support. The questionnaire was issued on November 1，2020，and the deadline for the collection was November 30，2020. Results We distributed 100 questionnaires and recovered 92 valid questionnaires. Statistical results of all influencing factors of the initial selection of PD：64 people agreed that PD spent less（69. 6%），71 people（77. 1%） agreed that PD had a good effect，75 people （81. 5%） agreed that PD did not require frequent trips to the hospital，76 people （82. 6%） agreed that the schedule of PD treatment and life was more flexible，76 people （82. 6%） agreed PD did not require too much extra care and reduce the burden on their families，85 people（92. 4%）agreed that the PD operation was easy to handle，54 people （58. 7%） thoroughly listened to doctors′ opinions. Pre-dialysis education： 80 people （87. 0%） agreed that they knew the disease and its prognosis before entering the dialysis treatment，and 72 people （78. 3%） had anticipation of the dialysis treatment and were preparing in the future，76 people （82. 6%） or their family members had understood the characteristics of the two dialysis treatment methods before dialysis. Family support：61 people（66. 3%）highly supported，29 people（31. 5%）moderately supported，and 2 people （2. 2%）poorly supported. Conclusion Driving PD as the first choice for dialysis treatment could ensure the treatment effect， reduce treatment costs， improve the life quality of patients， and save more patients with limited resources. In the actual process of PD promotion，getting the approval and support of specialists，publicizing and promoting PD through medical staff are the most effective measures. Simultaneously，in the process，the economics of PD treatment，the good results of the treatment，the benefits to work and life，the lighter family burden，and the easy-to-learn operation could effectively guide patients and their families to choose PD and obtain patients family support. Finally，by early and regular physical health testing and health education，providing patients with more ways to understand PD-related knowledge，a well-designed pre-dialysis education plan could enhance patients′ self-management ability，eliminate patients′ doubts，overcome fears，and encourage patients to choose PD.

Key words: initial dialysis method, peritoneal dialysis characteristics, peritoneal dialysis promotion, affecting factors