江汉大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 47-53.doi: 10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2023.05.006

• 水资源与环境科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

废弃印刷电路板中有毒有害金属含量及浸出特征研究

谭 芳1 ,张子荀1 ,费若凡2 ,郑紫薇1 ,刘艳琳1 ,苏浩杰1   

  1. 1. 江汉大学 光电材料与技术学院,湖北 武汉 430056;2. 武汉城市学院 医学部,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 出版日期:2023-10-26 发布日期:2023-10-26
  • 通讯作者: 董骏武
  • 作者简介:谭 芳(1973— ),女,高级实验师,博士,研究方向:光电材料环境友好化。

Content and Leaching Characteristics of Toxic and Harmful Metals in Waste Printed Circuit Boards

TAN Fang,ZHANG Zixun,FEI Ruofan,ZHENG Ziwei,LIU Yanlin,SU Haojie   

  1. 1. School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,Hubei,China; 2. Department of Medicine,Wuhan City College,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China
  • Online:2023-10-26 Published:2023-10-26
  • Contact: DONG Junwu

摘要: 针对废弃印刷电路板所含重金属的环境风险问题,对汽车、电视机、路由器等电路板中 8 种 主要有毒有害金属含量进行分析,并在此基础上对各金属的赋存形态及浸出特征进行分析评价。 实验结果显示:实验范围内电路板中各金属物质的含量差别较大,Fe、Cu、Pb、Cr、Sb、Sn、Cd 和 As 的含量在 0. 015 ~ 294. 9 mg/g 之间,Cd 和 As 虽然含量较低,但毒性较高。电路板中 Cu、As、 Sn、Sb 的主要赋存形态为残渣态,生态风险等级低;Pb 以酸可提取态和氧化态为主,Fe、Cr 和 Cd 以酸可提取态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态 4 种形态存在,生态风险等级高。在模拟中性和酸 性降雨以及垃圾渗滤液的环境条件下,Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Fe、Sb 和 Sn 均有浸出,Pb 在模拟垃圾渗滤 液浸出实验中浸出率较高,而 As 在模拟中性和酸性降雨的浸出率更高。各模拟环境条件下的浸 出液中 Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Fe、Sb 和 Sn 浓度均超过 GB/T 14848—2017《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类指标 限值。

关键词: 废弃电路板, 重金属, 赋存形态, 浸出特征

Abstract: Focusing on the environmental risk issues of heavy metals contained in discarded printed circuit boards(PCBs),the content of eight main toxic and harmful metals in PCBs of automobiles,televisions,and routers was analyzed. Furthermore,the occurrence forms and leaching characteristics of metals were analyzed and evaluated. The experimental results showed that the content of various metal substances in the circuit board varied greatly within the experimental range,with the content of Fe,Cu,Pb,Cr,Sb,Sn,Cd,and As ranging from 0. 015 - 294. 9 mg/g. Although the content of Cd and As was relatively low,their toxicity was relatively high. The main occurrence form of Cu,As,Sn,and Sb in circuit boards was a residual state,with a low ecological risk level. Pb mainly existed in acidsoluble and oxidized states,while Fe,Cr,and Cd existed in four forms:exchangeable and weakly acid-soluble,reducible,oxidizable,and residue states,with a high ecological risk level. Cd,Cr,Cu,As,Fe,Sb,and Sn were leached under environmental conditions simulating neutral and acidic rainfall and landfill leachate. The leaching rate of Pb was high in the simulated landfill leachate leaching experiment. The leaching rate of As was higher in simulated neutral and acidic rainfall. The concentrations of Cd,Cr,Cu,As,Fe,Sb,and Sn in the leaching solution under various environmental conditions exceeded the limit of general chemical indexes of rank Ⅲ of GB/T 14848—2017.

Key words: waste circuit board, heavy metals, occurrence form, leaching characteristics

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