Abstract: Yuan Dynasty was established by Mongol Nationality, which was famous for “esteeming force”. At first the rulers was biased in cognition against imperial examination system, which, along with incomplete of political and economic system, had led to many problems of national education equality. With the gradual consolidation of the feudal ruling, when the problem of the disparity of educational cultural level among the nationalities and national education equality became the main obstacle of the feudal ruling in Yuan Dynasty, the rulers adopted tactics and mechanism of the imperial examination system, esteeming Confucianism and establishing schools to promote development of national education equality and to realize the formation of the unifying power in Yuan Dynasty. In the examination the rulers adopted many unfair “concession” policies for the Han scholars and favouring Mongol and other minority nationalities. But owing to the relative poor educational cultural level of the minorities, such decisions made by the rulers considering their own objective condition were with certain historical rationality. The fair and unbiased judgment should be made.

Key words: Yuan imperial system, ethnic issues, Education Fair