Abstract: In German Ideology，Manifesto of the Communist Party，and Das Kapital Marx is clearly concerned with the intrinsic relationship between natural space and social history， interpreting the theoretical connotation of natural space from various dimensions. For him，natural space，different from the abstract spiritual space and geometric space，is a form of space that，in the material production and practical activities of human beings，contains the ideas and wills of mankind；it continuously extends and expands in human history，displaying the relationship between man and nature. Along the process，Marx focuses on the spatial practice of capitalist countries in the backdrop of machine industry，shedding light on the entwining relationship between the capitalist mode of production and the expansion，rupture，and alienation of natural space. The Marxist ideological elasticity spans not only regions but times. Discovering the values of Marxist natural space ideology is of great theoretical and actical significance in regulating and leading the socialist spatial production with Chinese characteristics，constructing a“people-centered”natural space production mechanism，resolving such prominent problems as unbalanced and inadequate urban and rural development，and realizing the spatial justice of“man’s overall development and free development”.

Key words: Marx, natural space, capitalism, rural-urban integration, spatial planning, spatial justice