关键词: 地权冲突, 地权发展, 土地收益, 基层治理

Abstract: Conflicts over land rights in rural China are of mainly three types：conflict over land expropriation and housing removal，conflict caused by law enforcement on illegal constructions，and conflict in land transfer. These conflicts have the characteristics of high frequency of occurrence，strong resistance，and wide influence，and they tend to evolve into a systematic“land risk”in grass- roots governance. Rural land-right conflicts are the result of comprehensive factors such as divided land rights and weak local governance；a complex impetus system induces their occurrence，spread and evolution. The governance of the conflicts must take into account the following factors：the interaction among property rights units，rural social elements and governance units；the promotion of a benign reform of grass-roots governance through gradually-advanced development of land-right ownership；and the maintenance of unified rules for implementing land rights by improving the structure and functions of the grass- roots governance. Therefore，it is necessary to resolve the conflicts over rural land rights by promoting the cultivation and development of land rights，constructing a land benefit- sharing mechanism with the concept of equity and justice，reforming the shareholding system to promote the farmers’self-governance ability，and in addition，by upgrading grass- roots governments’concept of land management and providing public services to help farmers who have lost their land change their livelihoods.

Key words: conflicts over land rights, land rights development, land revenues, grass-roots governance