Abstract: Objective Central pontine myelinolysis（CPM）is a rare demyelinating disease. This study aims to grasp the clinical manisfestations of the disease and review the relevant literature to improve the clinicians' understanding of the disease.Methods We analyzed the clinical data of a child with CPM and retrospective reviewed the etiology，pathogenesis， diagnosis，treatment，and prognosis of CPM combined with relevant articles. Results The child with craniopharyngioma was diagnosed with triphasic diabetes insipidus after the operation. During the transition from the hyponatremia stage to the long- term diabetes insipidus stage，the rapid increase of blood sodium concentration eventually led to CPM. Conclusion For children with craniopharyngioma who have developed triphasic diabetes insipidus，dynamic monitoring of serum sodium concentration during the perioperative period is significant to prevent CPM.