Abstract: State power is the dominant force shaping the transformation of grassroots governance. With the development of modern country construction， the structure and form of grassroots governance have undergone many changes. This transformation takes on two characteristics：On the one hand，grass-roots governance shows the trends of pan-institutionalization，reinforcement of organizational mobilization，and permeation of administrative supervision，which is an active strategy adopted by the county system to cope with the pressure of territorial governance. On the other hand，the control of state power over the grassroots system is becoming routine， including power supervision，administrative standardization，and policy coordination. Both the infiltration of state power and the self-empowerment of county system are strengthening， which is the basic characteristic of the change of grassroots governance in form since the 18th CPC National Congress. It is necessary to reflect on the transformation of county governance and further promote the reform of county governance from the perspective of state power construction in the post-establishment era，so as to bolster the modernization of county governance.

Key words: county governance；basic-level government；state power construction；modernization of grassroots governance