Abstract: Guided by the“double carbon”goals，the study of provincial agricultural carbon emission efficiency has important strategic significance for utilizing rural carbon reduction space and promoting low-carbon agricultural transformation. The non-expected output SBM-GML model is adopted to measure the amounts of agricultural carbon emission and agricultural carbon uptake in 30 provinces，municipalities，and autonomous regions in Chinese mainland，excluding Hong Kong， Macao，Taiwan，and Tibet. Then，the agricultural carbon emission efficiency of each province and municipality is measured，their static and dynamic evolution characteristics are analyzed，and a spatial econometric model is constructed to explore their spatial convergence. The findings are as follows：China’sagricultural carbon emission efficiency shows an overall upward trend，and the northern coastal areas have the highest agricultural carbon emission efficiency，the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have the lowest agricultural carbon emission efficiency，and with large disparities among provinces，the majority of provinces are still at the lower and middle levels of efficiency，with great carbon reduction potential；technological progress contributes to the rise of agricultural carbon emission efficiency，while agricultural technical efficiency limits the dynamic agricultural carbon emission efficiency to further increase；the agricultural carbon emission efficiency of each province features spatial convergence，and provinces and municipalities with low efficiencies are catching up with those of the high efficiency，and the total power of agricultural machinery and industrial structure have significant impacts on spatial convergence. According to the research， the municipalities，and autonomous regions should employ differentiated agricultural carbon emission reduction strategies，enhance agricultural technological progress，adjust industrial structure，so as to promote the transformation of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the construction of agricultural ecological civilization.

Key words: agricultural carbon emission efficiency；SBM-GML model；spatial convergence