江汉学术 ›› 2008, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 50-52.

• 语言研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

虚化性“三不知”义项的概括

夏凤梅   

  1. 北京师范大学文学院,北京100875
  • 收稿日期:2008-03-27 出版日期:2008-08-01 发布日期:2014-01-02
  • 作者简介::夏凤梅(1967-),女,湖北潜江人,北京师范大学博士后,江汉大学语言文学研究所副教授,主要从事中古近代汉语词汇、语法研究。

Sammary of Meanings of Emptied Expression “Thrice Not Knowing”

XIA Feng-mei   

  1. School of Literature, Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2008-03-27 Online:2008-08-01 Published:2014-01-02

摘要: “三不知”的表义,多数词书释为“突然、意料不到”,但存在意义内容概括不全、概括程度不高等毛病。其实,元代以后,“三不知”的词义开始虚化,虚化为副词性成分。经常用在动词或动词性成分前作状语。依语境的不同,可理解为突然、忽然;不知怎么地、不知不觉地、糊里糊涂地;冒然地、冒冒失失地;偷偷地、暗暗地、悄悄地;径直地、直接地等。

关键词: 三不知, 虚化, 语境

Abstract: Most lexicographical books define the meaning of “thrice not knowing” as “suddenly unexpectedly”. Such has flaws in incompleteness in meanings and low-calibre summary. As a matter of fact, after the Yuan dynasty the meanings of the expression began to become empty and emptied into an adverbial element, often used adverbially before a verbor verb element. In accordance with different context, it can be understood as : suddenly, all of a sudden; not knowing how, unknowingly, bewilderedly; rashly, stupidly; stealthily, secretly, quietly; straight, directly, etc.

Key words: “thrice not knowing”, emptied, context

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