关键词: 生成式人工智能, DeepSeek, 主体性, 技术伦理, 人机协同

Abstract: As generative AI models，such as DeepSeek，are widely applied to fields like knowledge production，language generation，and social interaction，technology is posing an unprecedented challenge to human subjectivity. A triple analytical framework of labor subjectivity，communicative subjectivity，and cognitive subjectivity is established based on Marxist theory of subjectivity. It systematically elaborates that when GAI large models deeply penetrate into the fields of labor，communication，and cognition，it triggers a crisis of technological alienation due to the restriction of capital logic in the application of technology，the imbalance in the human-machine relationship，and the violation of human logic by the logic of things. These crises mainly include the deconstruction of labor value by algorithmic logic，the infringement of value judgment by cognitive black boxes，and the weakening of thinking ability due to technological dependence.To address the challenges posed by GAI to human subjectivity，concerted measures need to be taken at the technical，institutional，and cognitive levels：optimize the technical design centered on interpretability and content identification；establish a guarantee mechanism centered on users’right to know and data security；build up industrial standards and legislation to defend users’subjectivity，enhance public ability to identify and protect themselves from the content generated by large models so as to consolidate the dominant position of humans in human-machine interaction；and achieve the positive development of technology based on people-oriented principles.

Key words: generative artificial intelligence（GAI）, DeepSeek, subjectivity, ethics of technology, humanmachine coordination