关键词: 小麦, 氮素, 产量, 调控措施

Abstract: Nitrogen，as a key nutrient element for wheat growth，development，and yield formation，plays an irreplaceable role in guaranteeing global food security. This paper first introduced the four main types of nitrogen fertilizers and their characteristics，namely ammonium， nitrate， nitrate-ammonium， and amide. The effects of nitrogen on wheat stem tiller growth and the number of spikes per unit area，the development of spikes， the number of grains， and the formation of grain weight were summarized. The molecular mechanism of nitrogen uptake and utilization in wheat was described. The control measures to improve wheat′s nitrogen utilization were reviewed in aspects of the selection of nitrogen-efficient wheat varieties，tillage，planting density，nitrogen fertilizer transport， and water management. Finally，it was pointed out that the future should strengthen the selection and breeding of nitrogen-efficient wheat varieties，the research and development and industrialization of new high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer products for wheat，research and development and integration of wheat nitrogen efficient use of green efficiency and comprehensive technology model and popularization of the application of such research，to maximize the potential of wheat yield increase and provide assistance for the large-scale increase in wheat production.

Key words: wheat, nitrogen, yield, regulatory measures