关键词: 小麦, 分蘖, 生长发育, 基因型, 栽培因素

Abstract: The number of effective spikes per unit area，grain number per spike，and the thousand-grain weight are three elements that constitute the wheat yield. The spike number is the earliest and most active factor in the three aspects of wheat yield，which plays an important role in the stable and high yields of wheat. In this paper，the general rules of stem and tiller growth and spike formation of wheat were expounded，and the factors affecting stem and tiller growth and spike formation of wheat were summarized and analyzed，such as genetic factors，sowing date，planting density，fertilizer application，and water management. It was proposed that future research could further explore the key genes of wheat′s tiller number through genomics technology and gene editing technology. At the same time，research on stem and tiller growth and spike formation of wheat under multiple scenarios should be strengthened to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of a high-quality wheat population and the improvement of large-scale yield per unit area.

Key words: wheat, tillers, growth and development, genotype, cultivation factors